Air Pollution from Vehicles - 2064 Words

Air Pollution from Vehicles Jacqueline Alcantar University of Phoenix Kieste Mayfield October 24, 2010 Automobiles as well as other mobile vehicles are one of the largest contributors to polluting our air on a daily basis. While these vehicles produce green house gases such as carbon monoxide, they are also contaminating the air with many other air pollutants and air toxins. By finding alternative fuel sources will be one of the solutions to curb the emissions that produce the pollutions. As smaller cities grow larger in human population our amount of vehicles used daily increases as well. Along with the vehicles we operate come many problems we may see on a regular basis. Some problems you do not see until it is too late to reverse.†¦show more content†¦The ozone is being destroyed due to chlorofluorocarbons. This chemical is emitted from the vehicle and will form ground level ozone or smog. This allows higher UV-b levels to reach the earth’s surface and will cause harm to crops and plants under the oceans water. When it comes to pollution from vehicles it is known as being man made. Something that is man- made we have control over. We can produce both positive and negative impacts. As many the amount of miles we drive to keep our economy and life style going as doubled over the years, the need for vehicles has come to an all time high. Since we can’t eliminate vehicles all together it would be a positive thing to inherit in alternative fuel sources. This would be a positive impact on our health and environment. For those who can make the sacrifices of eliminating vehicle use by riding electrical scooters or bicycles would be doing the most positive impact on eliminating the problems. Negative impacts we as humans have on pollution from vehicles is being uneducated about the understandings and seriousness of the problems occurring. Some of us think the less we know the better off. Currently there is a way to reduce the amount of air pollution being emitted from automobiles. Although they are very pricey an electric car can do wonders. With electricity being used means no gas. No gas would lead to no carbons. No gas also leads to no costly tripsShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of Air Pollution Of Bangkok, Thailand1508 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation of Air Pollution of Exhaust Emission and Traffic Measurements in Bangkok, Thailand Introduction Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand and an estimated population of 7.3 million full-time inhabitants and over 10 million day-time inhabitants (UN, BMA 2001). The World Bank mentions the main causes of air pollution in Bangkok that from several factors as transport, industry, power-generation and refuse burning but most air pollutants being discharged by the transport sector. 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How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’ Free Essays

Stanhope is the captain in command of an infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight form school at he age of eighteen) and has commanded his company for a year. We will write a custom essay sample on How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage. The play begins with a conversation between two officers – Osborne and Hardy – and it is from them that the reader gains a first impression of Stanhope. His drink problem is immediately addressed as Hardy asks, ‘Drinking like a fish, as usual? ‘ This presents him in a fairly negative light however; this feeling is soon displaced as Osborne begins to defend him and offers some reasoning as to why Stanhope seeks solace in alcohol. We learn that he is in fact an extremely competent and well respected commander – ‘He’s a long way the best company commander we’ve got’ and this point is emphasised in Act two as Raleigh writes in his letter, ‘He’s the finest officer in the battalion, and the men simply love him. Sherriff presents Stanhope as hard working, and this is mentioned various times throughout the two acts. Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘He’s commanded this company or a year – in and out of the front line. He’s never had a rest. Other men come over here and go home again ill, and young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his duties as captain. When Trotter asks if he can go on duty half an hour later so he can finish his meal Stanhope refuses, unwilling to risk upsetting the schedule. He is also horrified at the state in which Hardy leaves the trenches, commenting that they smell like cess pits; all this adding to the image that Sherriff creates of him as a fine officer. Stanhope is extremely worried about Raleigh’s appearance as he is frightened he will write to his sister and tell her what he has become. His quick temper becomes apparent as he demands Raleigh hands his letter over – he shouts, ‘Don’t ‘Dennis’ me! Stanhope’s my name! ‘ and even snaps at Osborne. Raleigh describes an incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky. Lord! the roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it gives the reader an insight into what he was like before the war and how it has affected him. It quickly becomes apparent that Mason is scared of Stanhope; we see an example of this when Mason accidently gets apricots instead of pineapples – he is extremely concerned about what the captains reaction may be. This further enforces the idea of Stanhope having a short temper. Stanhope has a close relationship with Osborne, much like that of a father and son. Being twice his age, calm and level headed, Osborne is there to look after Stanhope when he gets too ‘tight’ or to comfort him when he fears for his sanity. The scene where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I love that fellow. I’d go to hell with him. ‘ Stanhope is a deep thinker – ‘It’s a habit that’s grown on me lately – to look right through things, and on and on – til I get frightened and stop. He see’s beneath the surface of things, one of the qualities that make him a fantastic captain. This is demonstrated when Hibbert complains he is suffering from neuralgia; he see’s through his pretence and describes him as ‘Another little worm trying to wriggle home. ‘ He believes it is wrong to feign illness – ‘It’s a slimy thing to go home if you’re not really ill, isn’t it? ‘ Despite his disliking for Hibbert, after his initial threat to shoot him he is understanding and comforting, even offering to accompany him on patrol. He has a real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhope’s actions, stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him and their responses to him. Sherriff presents him as a tragic hero, troubled and hardened by his experiences. How to cite How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?, Papers

HistoryHistorical Analysis Of Jerzy Kosinskis The Painted Bird The P Essay Example For Students

HistoryHistorical Analysis Of Jerzy Kosinskis The Painted Bird The P Essay HistoryHistorical Analysis of Jerzy Kosinskis The Painted Bird The Painted Bird Recibio una A plus para ese papel! An obscure village in Poland, sheltered from ideas and industrialization, seemed a safe place to store one?s most precious valuable: a 6-year-old boy. Or so it seemed to the parents who abandoned their only son to protect him from the Nazis in the beginning of Jerzy Kosinski?s provocative 1965 novel The Painted Bird. After his guardian Marta dies and her decaying corpse and hut are accidentally engulfed in flames, the innocent young dark-haired, dark-eyed outcast is obliged to trek from village to village in search of food, shelter, and companionship. Beaten and caressed, chastised and ignored, the unnamed protagonist survives the abuse inflicted by men, women, children and beasts to be reclaimed by his parents 7 years latera cold, indifferent, and callous individual. The protagonist?s experiences and observations demonstrate that the Holocaust was far too encompassing to be contained within the capsule of Germany with its sordid concentration camps and sociopolitical upheaval. Even remote and ?backward? villages of Poland were exposed and sucked into the maelstrom of conflict. The significance of this point is that it leads to another logical progression: Reaching further than the Polish villages of 1939, the novel?s implications extend to all of us. Not only did Hitler?s stain seep into even the smallest crannies of the world at that time, it also spread beyond limits of time and culture. Modern readers, likewise, are implicated because of our humanity. The conscientious reader feels a sense of shame at what we, as humans, are capable of through our cultural mentalities. That is one of the more profound aspects of Kosinski?s work. It is this sense of connectedness between cultures, people, and ideas that runs through the book continuously. While the ?backward? nonindustrialized villages of Poland seem at first glance to contrast sharply with ?civilized? Nazi Germany, Kosinski shows that the two were actually linked by arteries of brutality and bigotry. Both cultures used some form of religious ideology to enforce a doctrine of hate upon selected groups whom they perceived to be inferior.Totalitarian rhetoric and Nietzschian existentialism replace a hybrid of Catholicism, which in turn replaces medieval superstition as the protagonist is carried from the innards of village life to the heart of totalitarian power. In the first several chapters of the novel the little protagonist is firmly convinced that demons and devils are part of the tangible, physical world. He actually sees them. They are not mythological imaginings confined to a fuzzy spiritual world. They are real, and he believes the villagers? insistences that he is possessed by them. The peasants use these superstitious beliefs to enforce a doctrine of hate upon the boy. Even their dogs seem to believe in this credo, chasing, biting, and barking at him as if a viciousness towards dark-haired boys is programmed into their genetic makeup.The text of the villagers? behavior reads like a gruesome car accident on the side of the road at which one cannot help but crane one?s neck. It is both repulsive and compelling; one reads in a state of disbelief and horror. The cruelty, moreover, isn?t limited to Jews and Gypsies. Anyone getting in the way is targeted. The rule of weak over strong prevails and justifies any actions taken against those unfortunate enough to incite anger.A stirring example of this phenomenon is when the protagonist witnesses a jealous miller gouging out the eyes of his wife?s ?lust interest,? an otherwise innocuous 14-year-old plowboy whose only sin was in staring too fixedly at a woman?s bosom: ?And with a rapid movement such as women used to gouge out the rotten spots while peeling potatoes, he plunged the spoon into one of the boy?s eyes and twisted it. ?The eye sprang out of his face like a yolk from a broken egg and rolled down the miller?s hand onto the floor. The plowboy howled and shrieked, but the miller?s hold kept him pinned against the wall.Then the blood-covered spoon plunged into the other eye, which sprang out even faster. For a moment the eye rested on the boy?s cheek as if uncertain what to do next; then it finally tumbled down his shirt onto the floor. ?The peasants? behavior demonstrates that Hitler simply harnessed preexisting attitudes. Even Poland, seemingly neutral and exploited as it was, absorbed distrustful attitudes toward Jews and Gypsies and felt no qualms about taking aggressions out violently on weaker people. Everyone, to a certain extent, bought into this bigotry. It left not even the most remote areas untouched. As the novel progresses, the protagonist changes environments and subsequently alters his religious beliefs. He realizes (during the intervals when he is not being ravaged by a savage dog unleashed upon him by the man he is staying with) that prayerCatholicismis the answer to all his troubles. If he can only say enough Hail Mary?s, all his misfortunes will disappear. Surely the Lord will hear him as he stores up indulgences in heaven as in a bank, guaranteeing himself both literal and spiritual salvation. My Family and I in Europe Essay Reality is turned upside down and inside out, its guts laid bare for all to see, and finally casually gotten used to and embraced by the main character. One critic puts forth this nihilistic interpretation of the Painted Bird.Poore states in his review: ? grew in his bitter wisdom immeasurably. The blows he could not escape he endured. These were the cost-sheets of survival in a senselessly brutal world. And when his turn came to take some unfair advantage, he took it. ?That, Mr. Kosinski seems to be telling us, is how things are in our world. People who are treated unjustly do not invariably treat others justly. People who are discriminated against in turn may be found discriminating against others.?Unlike a Stephen King novel, however, the book avoids being cast into the genre of cheap horror thrills because at the same time it creates a deep sense of beauty and social responsibility while paradoxically indicting the reader as being not much different than the murderous villagers. One critic writes of this phenomenon by ascribing to Kosinski the ability to create open-ended symbols which achieve the difficult effect of mirroring whatever attitudes the reader brings into the book. That, he explains, is why people have such differing views on the novel, ranging from horror filled to awe-inspired. This critic went on to say that, because each viewer makes the work his/her own, he/she therefore is held accountable to his/her own interpretation of the work. He states, ?For them, in fact, these texts become a test of couragewhether or not they can recognize themselves as not only the victims of language but also as the murderers.? Several other critics emphasized the book?s concentration on grim and grotesque realities. Bauke repeatedly stresses the author?s mastery over painting the black tones of the protagonist?s harsh existence. ?It is a book of terrifying impact, replete with scenes of sadism rarely matched in contemporary writing,? he writes. ?Mr. Kosinski evokes with the grim precision of a dream a world of Gothic monstrosities. ? While suffering and cruelty are, indeed, major recurring themes throughout the book, beauty in its purity and innocence is also depicted generously and with great texture. Sometimes the beauty is even interwoven with what many would otherwise see as ugly. This is evident in the protagonists? first guardian, Marta. Marta is an ambivalent figure, at best. She is ugly, foul smelling, and often ignorant of the protagonist?s suffering. On the other hand, she occasionally expresses an endearing sort of sentimentality toward him, raking her long scraggly nails along his head affectionately. She also attempts to heal him when he is ill, mixing vile treatments for him to drink such as ?the juice of a squeezed onion, the bile of a billygoat or rabbit, and a dash of raw vodka.?Despite her odd, vomit-inducing ways, the reader still gets a sense of her dedication: she cares. The Painted Bird?s historical contributions lie not in the realm of factual, unbiased, detail-laden information, but in giving us a new way of thinking about the facts that we already have. Most history books tend to focus only on the external aspects of Hitler?s Nazi party?s rise to power, focusing on each country as if it was an entity of itself, individualizing the nations as if they were so many bickering ten-year-olds in the playground of the world. Few books focus on the internal orders of such countries as Poland. Peasants played a major role in ethnic extermination as well by condoning, and often perpetuating, Hitler?s hate. More than that, however, the book?s slow panorama of superstition, Catholicism, and existentialism give us a three-dimensional understanding of all the myriad of ideas that were floating around at that time. We understand them from the mind of a child, we apply them to the experiences we see him having.And if we closely examine them, we?ll find that such ideas are still in the air todaythat it is possible for something like the Holocaust to happen again if circumstances are arranged just so. Bosnia, for example, resounds with the echo of the Nazis? boots. One of the greatest aspects of fiction is that, in many senses, it is always alive. It changes just as history and the people who write it change. As each generation comes of age, they are able to write historyand also fictionaccording to their cultural values and beliefs. The beauty of Kosinski?s work is that he allows us to do this. Through his loosely constructed symbolism, readers can continually apply his fiction to modern interpretations. At the same time, however, Kosinski holds us accountable through his graphic, disturbing realistic depiction of what humans are capable of and have, in fact, done. Perhaps if enough people are touched, they can, indeed, prevent scenes like these from occurring again. In this sense, Kosinski?s work is a gift to humanity. It is a gift to the future.